…104523)

Compilers and language runtimes often use helper functions that are
fundamentally uninteresting when debugging anything but the
compiler/runtime itself. This patch introduces a user-extensible
mechanism that allows for these frames to be hidden from backtraces and
automatically skipped over when navigating the stack with `up` and
`down`.

This does not affect the numbering of frames, so `f <N>` will still
provide access to the hidden frames. The `bt` output will also print a
hint that frames have been hidden.

My primary motivation for this feature is to hide thunks in the Swift
programming language, but I'm including an example recognizer for
`std::function::operator()` that I wished for myself many times while
debugging LLDB.

rdar://126629381


Example output. (Yes, my proof-of-concept recognizer could hide even
more frames if we had a method that returned the function name without
the return type or I used something that isn't based off regex, but it's
really only meant as an example).

before:
```
(lldb) thread backtrace --filtered=false
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
  * frame #0: 0x0000000100001f04 a.out`foo(x=1, y=1) at main.cpp:4:10
    frame #1: 0x0000000100003a00 a.out`decltype(std::declval<int (*&)(int, int)>()(std::declval<int>(), std::declval<int>())) std::__1::__invoke[abi:se200000]<int (*&)(int, int), int, int>(__f=0x000000016fdff280, __args=0x000000016fdff224, __args=0x000000016fdff220) at invoke.h:149:25
    frame #2: 0x000000010000399c a.out`int std::__1::__invoke_void_return_wrapper<int, false>::__call[abi:se200000]<int (*&)(int, int), int, int>(__args=0x000000016fdff280, __args=0x000000016fdff224, __args=0x000000016fdff220) at invoke.h:216:12
    frame #3: 0x0000000100003968 a.out`std::__1::__function::__alloc_func<int (*)(int, int), std::__1::allocator<int (*)(int, int)>, int (int, int)>::operator()[abi:se200000](this=0x000000016fdff280, __arg=0x000000016fdff224, __arg=0x000000016fdff220) at function.h:171:12
    frame #4: 0x00000001000026bc a.out`std::__1::__function::__func<int (*)(int, int), std::__1::allocator<int (*)(int, int)>, int (int, int)>::operator()(this=0x000000016fdff278, __arg=0x000000016fdff224, __arg=0x000000016fdff220) at function.h:313:10
    frame #5: 0x0000000100003c38 a.out`std::__1::__function::__value_func<int (int, int)>::operator()[abi:se200000](this=0x000000016fdff278, __args=0x000000016fdff224, __args=0x000000016fdff220) const at function.h:430:12
    frame #6: 0x0000000100002038 a.out`std::__1::function<int (int, int)>::operator()(this= Function = foo(int, int) , __arg=1, __arg=1) const at function.h:989:10
    frame #7: 0x0000000100001f64 a.out`main(argc=1, argv=0x000000016fdff4f8) at main.cpp:9:10
    frame #8: 0x0000000183cdf154 dyld`start + 2476
(lldb) 
```

after

```
(lldb) bt
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
  * frame #0: 0x0000000100001f04 a.out`foo(x=1, y=1) at main.cpp:4:10
    frame #1: 0x0000000100003a00 a.out`decltype(std::declval<int (*&)(int, int)>()(std::declval<int>(), std::declval<int>())) std::__1::__invoke[abi:se200000]<int (*&)(int, int), int, int>(__f=0x000000016fdff280, __args=0x000000016fdff224, __args=0x000000016fdff220) at invoke.h:149:25
    frame #2: 0x000000010000399c a.out`int std::__1::__invoke_void_return_wrapper<int, false>::__call[abi:se200000]<int (*&)(int, int), int, int>(__args=0x000000016fdff280, __args=0x000000016fdff224, __args=0x000000016fdff220) at invoke.h:216:12
    frame #6: 0x0000000100002038 a.out`std::__1::function<int (int, int)>::operator()(this= Function = foo(int, int) , __arg=1, __arg=1) const at function.h:989:10
    frame #7: 0x0000000100001f64 a.out`main(argc=1, argv=0x000000016fdff4f8) at main.cpp:9:10
    frame #8: 0x0000000183cdf154 dyld`start + 2476
Note: Some frames were hidden by frame recognizers
```

…lvm#107294)

Random testing revealed it's possible to crash the analyzer with the
command line invocation:

clang -cc1 -analyze -analyzer-checker=nullability empty.c

where the source file, empty.c is an empty source file.

```
clang: <root>/clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.cpp:56:
   void clang::ento::CheckerManager::finishedCheckerRegistration():
     Assertion `Event.second.HasDispatcher && "No dispatcher registered for an event"' failed.

PLEASE submit a bug report to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/

Stack dump:
0.      Program arguments: clang -cc1 -analyze -analyzer-checker=nullability nullability-nocrash.c
 #0 ...
 ...
 #7 <addr> clang::ento::CheckerManager::finishedCheckerRegistration()
 #8 <addr> clang::ento::CheckerManager::CheckerManager(clang::ASTContext&,
             clang::AnalyzerOptions&, clang::Preprocessor const&,
             llvm::ArrayRef<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>,
             std::allocator<char>>>, llvm::ArrayRef<std::function<void (clang::ento::CheckerRegistry&)>>)
```

This commit removes the assertion which failed here, because it was
logically incorrect: it required that if an Event is handled by some
(enabled) checker, then there must be an **enabled** checker which can
emit that kind of Event. It should be OK to disable the event-producing
checkers but enable an event-consuming checker which has different
responsibilities in addition to handling the events.
 
Note that this assertion was in an `#ifndef NDEBUG` block, so this
change does not impact the non-debug builds.

Co-authored-by: Vince Bridgers <[email protected]>

Random testing found that the Z3 wrapper does not support UnarySymExpr,
which was added recently and not included in the original Z3 wrapper.
For now, just avoid submitting expressions to Z3 to avoid compiler
crashes.

Some crash context ...

clang -cc1 -analyze -analyzer-checker=core z3-unarysymexpr.c
-analyzer-constraints=z3

Unsupported expression to reason about!
UNREACHABLE executed at
clang/include/clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SMTConstraintManager.h:297!

Stack dump:
3. <root>/clang/test/Analysis/z3-unarysymexpr.c:13:7: Error evaluating
branch #0 <addr> llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) #1
<addr> llvm::sys::RunSignalHandlers() #8 <addr>
clang::ento::SimpleConstraintManager::assumeAux(
llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<clang::ento::ProgramState const>,
clang::ento::NonLoc, bool) #9 <addr>
clang::ento::SimpleConstraintManager::assume(
llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<clang::ento::ProgramState const>,
clang::ento::NonLoc, bool)

Co-authored-by: einvbri <[email protected]>

The mcmodel=tiny memory model is only valid on ARM targets. While trying
this on X86 compiler throws an internal error along with stack dump.
llvm#125641
This patch resolves the issue.
Reduced test case:
```
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
printf( "Hello, World!\n" ); 
return 0; 
}
```
```
0.	Program arguments: /opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang++ -gdwarf-4 -g -o /app/output.s -fno-verbose-asm -S --gcc-toolchain=/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-snapshot -fcolor-diagnostics -fno-crash-diagnostics -mcmodel=tiny <source>
1.	<eof> parser at end of file
 #0 0x0000000003b10218 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3b10218)
 #1 0x0000000003b0e35c llvm::sys::CleanupOnSignal(unsigned long) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3b0e35c)
 #2 0x0000000003a5dbc3 llvm::CrashRecoveryContext::HandleExit(int) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3a5dbc3)
 #3 0x0000000003b05cfe llvm::sys::Process::Exit(int, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3b05cfe)
 #4 0x0000000000d4e3eb LLVMErrorHandler(void*, char const*, bool) cc1_main.cpp:0:0
 #5 0x0000000003a67c93 llvm::report_fatal_error(llvm::Twine const&, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3a67c93)
 #6 0x0000000003a67df8 (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3a67df8)
 #7 0x0000000002549148 llvm::X86TargetMachine::X86TargetMachine(llvm::Target const&, llvm::Triple const&, llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef, llvm::TargetOptions const&, std::optional<llvm::Reloc::Model>, std::optional<llvm::CodeModel::Model>, llvm::CodeGenOptLevel, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x2549148)
 #8 0x00000000025491fc llvm::RegisterTargetMachine<llvm::X86TargetMachine>::Allocator(llvm::Target const&, llvm::Triple const&, llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef, llvm::TargetOptions const&, std::optional<llvm::Reloc::Model>, std::optional<llvm::CodeModel::Model>, llvm::CodeGenOptLevel, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x25491fc)
 #9 0x0000000003db74cc clang::emitBackendOutput(clang::CompilerInstance&, clang::CodeGenOptions&, llvm::StringRef, llvm::Module*, clang::BackendAction, llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem>, std::unique_ptr<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream, std::default_delete<llvm::raw_pwrite_stream>>, clang::BackendConsumer*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3db74cc)
#10 0x0000000004460d95 clang::BackendConsumer::HandleTranslationUnit(clang::ASTContext&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4460d95)
#11 0x00000000060005ec clang::ParseAST(clang::Sema&, bool, bool) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x60005ec)
#12 0x00000000044614b5 clang::CodeGenAction::ExecuteAction() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x44614b5)
#13 0x0000000004737121 clang::FrontendAction::Execute() (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4737121)
#14 0x00000000046b777b clang::CompilerInstance::ExecuteAction(clang::FrontendAction&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x46b777b)
#15 0x00000000048229e3 clang::ExecuteCompilerInvocation(clang::CompilerInstance*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x48229e3)
#16 0x0000000000d50621 cc1_main(llvm::ArrayRef<char const*>, char const*, void*) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0xd50621)
#17 0x0000000000d48e2d ExecuteCC1Tool(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<char const*>&, llvm::ToolContext const&) driver.cpp:0:0
#18 0x00000000044acc99 void llvm::function_ref<void ()>::callback_fn<clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef<std::optional<llvm::StringRef>>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, bool*) const::'lambda'()>(long) Job.cpp:0:0
#19 0x0000000003a5dac3 llvm::CrashRecoveryContext::RunSafely(llvm::function_ref<void ()>) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x3a5dac3)
#20 0x00000000044aceb9 clang::driver::CC1Command::Execute(llvm::ArrayRef<std::optional<llvm::StringRef>>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, bool*) const (.part.0) Job.cpp:0:0
#21 0x00000000044710dd clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteCommand(clang::driver::Command const&, clang::driver::Command const*&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x44710dd)
#22 0x0000000004472071 clang::driver::Compilation::ExecuteJobs(clang::driver::JobList const&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<int, clang::driver::Command const*>>&, bool) const (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x4472071)
#23 0x000000000447c3fc clang::driver::Driver::ExecuteCompilation(clang::driver::Compilation&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<int, clang::driver::Command const*>>&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0x447c3fc)
llvm#24 0x0000000000d4d2b1 clang_main(int, char**, llvm::ToolContext const&) (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0xd4d2b1)
llvm#25 0x0000000000c12464 main (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0xc12464)
llvm#26 0x00007ae43b029d90 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x29d90)
llvm#27 0x00007ae43b029e40 __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x29e40)
llvm#28 0x0000000000d488c5 _start (/opt/compiler-explorer/clang-trunk/bin/clang+++0xd488c5)
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Shashwathi N <[email protected]>